Andrew Sirois, Sarah Smith

Mr. Thomas
US History, Period 3
12 May 2006

Annotated Bibliography

Anderson, Rich. “Transportation and Logistics.” 2000. 20 April 2006 http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/usarmy/logistics.aspx.

• Logistics network was responsible for transport of food, ammunition, supplies, and men across the world.
• Oil transported in pipes across English channel

CAPT Ann Bernatitus Interview. 25 January 1994.
http://medi-smart.com/mil-pacific.htm

• I imagine there were killed and wounded.
  ”Oh, yes. Every operating table would be filled. They would come in from the field all dirty. You did what you could There were lice; I kept my hair covered all the time. He did a lot of leg amputations because we had a lot of gas gangrene out there. I remember one patient we were operating on. Dr. Smith didn't want to sew him back up. He had died. I remember telling him that I didn't want him to do that if anything happened to me. He said, "I'll sew him up just to shut you up." We were washing the dirty dressings that they used during an operation. We would wash them out and refold and sterilized them and use them again.” S-1/2

 

Carnes, Mark C. and Garraty, John A. “Women’s Contribution to the War Effort,” War and Peace. The American Nation. 11th Ed. New York: Longman. 743-744.

• By 1945, 6.5 million women had entered workforce- p 73
• Many men workers and employers doubted women could handle their new jobs- p 73
• Besides economic reasons, women took jobs for patriotism, independence, new experience- p 73
• 171,000 marriages in 1941, 310,000 in 1945 -p 73

Gropman, Alan ed. “The Big ‘L’.” 1997.  National Defense University Press. 19 April 2006 <http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/BigL/index.html#contents>.

• A founding father of logistics thinking, Henry Eccles explains the word this way:

• “Logistics is the bridge between the national economy and the combat forces, and logistics thus operates as military economics' in the fullest sense of the word. Therefore, logistics must be seen from two viewpoints. Logistics has its roots in the national economy. In this area it is dominated by civilian influences and civilian authority. In this area the major criterion of logistics is production efficiency. On the other hand, the end product of logistics lies in the operations of combat forces. There logistics is dominated by military influence and by military authority. In this area the major criterion of logistics is its effectiveness in creating and sustaining combat forces in action against an enemy.”
• Stanley Faulk, "logistics is essentially moving, supplying, and maintaining military; forces. It is basic to the ability of armies, fleets, and air forces to operate--indeed to exist. It involves men and materiel, transportation, quarters and depots, communications, evacuation and hospitalization, personnel replacement, service and administration." On a broader plane, Falk says logistics is the "economics of warfare, including industrial mobilization, research and development, funding procurement, recruitment and training, testing and, in effect, practically everything related to military activities besides strategy and tactics.”
• Logistics are the economic part of war strategy—industrial mobilization
• “Logistics was the strategy” for WWII. Germany and Japan had more soldiers than US with smaller populations. However, US won with more people in factories and working for war mobilization and production.
• FDR’s “Arsenal of Democracy” fireside chat—US first helped the war logistically—then militarily after Pearl Harbor.
• Sense of national urgency

Hacala, Mark T. “The U.S. Navy Hospital Corps: A Century of Tradition, Valor, Sacrafice.” U.S. Navy. 20 April 2006
http://nepmu6.med.navy.mil/Hospital%20Corps.htm

• Hospital Corps: Pharmacist’s Mates in World War II- “World War II became the period of Hospital Corps’ greatest manpower, diversity of duty, and instance of sacrifice. Between 1941 and 1945, the ranks of this small organization swelled from its pre-war levels of near 4,000 to over 132,000 personnel.” S-1/2
• “Hospital ships required the services of personnel in much the same way as shore-based hospitals, except that those on ship were afloat and subject to attack.” S-1/2
• 1,170 hospital corpsmen were killed in action and thousands more were wounded S-3/4

“Lend-Lease Program.” 1998. Think Quest. 19 April 2006 http://library.thinkquest.org/15511/data/encyclopedia/lend-lease.htm.

• Lend-Lease was the program by FDR that allowed for the U.S. to supply the Allies with supplies, but avoid going to war with the Axis powers.
•  “The U.S. gave Lend-Lease aid to Great Britain, the USSR, China, and over 30 other nations. By 1945, when the war ended, the U.S. had lent out over $45 billion in supplies. By 1960 almost the entire debt was repaid, except for the Soviet Union's debt. However, the U.S. and the USSR came to an agreement in 1972, by which the USSR were to pay back the $722 million debt in installments through the year 2001.”

Lewis, Joan J. “World War II: It’s YOUR Job (Nursing).” National Archives and Records Administration. 2001. 22 April 2006.
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/nursesandnursing/

• S-top

“’Nursing in World War 2.’” “Nursing Across the 20th Century.” The Lamp, Vol.55, No.7, August 1998. 19 April 2006.
http://www.eurekatimes.net/Australian%20Defence/nursing_during_wwii.htm

•  S-top
• “Like many of her peers, Stalky couldn't wait to enlist and she put her name down for the army, air force and the navy.” S-top
• "We were like one big family and the rapport between the troops and nurses was unlike anything you'd find in a regular hospital. We were all working for George and the soldiers were our older or younger brothers. As soon as they were well enough they'd be up helping us out." S-top
• Stalky left the army and married shortly after her return to Australia S-bottom

 

Rinfret, Pierre A. “World War II Army Pay and Benefits.” 6 May 2002. 20 April 2006
<http://www.rinfret.com/ww2pay.html#anchor271123>.

• Private in 1942- $21 a month before deductions…(paid $15 a week before war as a runner for a brokerage firm)
• Private in 1943- $50 a month before deductions
• Could volunteer to send money back home…federal government would match pay
• Could buy life insurance up to $10,000 face value- pay 6.80 a month (deducted from pay)
• $5 a month to have uniform dry cleaned
• Rinfret had only $13 a month for spending money
• $10 for combat pay
• Higher rank=higher pay
• More if sent overseas- $10 a month- 30 cents a day
• “We were never paid”
• If injured, still paid combat pay
• (private first class=PFC)

• From 1945-1949 Federal Government paid for his college education

Sirois, Mary. Personal Interview. 23 April 2006.
Tillitt, Malvern Hall. “Army-Navy Pay Tops Most Civilians’ Unmarried Private’s Income Equivalent to $3,600 Salary.” 24 April 1944.  U.S. Maritime Service Veterans. 20 April 2006 http://www.usmm.org/barrons.html.

• 3,600 is lowest for army—higher than 90% of Americans

	Net annual earnings - after deduction of normal expenditures out of pay		Equivalent annual earnings in civilian employment - after deduction of cost of living and Federal income taxes
	In service within US	In foreign service
Buck private	$420	$540.00	$3,600+
Private first class and seaman second class	468	597.60	3,600
Corporal and seaman first class	612	770.40	4,000
Sergeant (or sergeant-technician), and petty officer third class	766	943.20	4,500
Staff sergeant and petty officer second class	972	1,202.40	4,800
First (or top) sergeant and petty officer first class	1,188	1,461.60	5,200
Master sergeant or chief petty officer	1,476	1,807.20	6,000

Different pay based on rank, family (wife or children)

Ulrich, Beth. “Never Forget” 31 May 2004. NurseWeek. 19 April 2006.
https://www.nurseweek.com/ednote/04/053104_bethulrich.asp

• More than 75,000 nurses served in the armed services in World War II and more than 200 of them died. S-top
• “At a time when the military professed not to allow women in combat, many female nurses were on the frontlines and under attack, caring for soldiers, civilians, and sometimes enemy POWs.” S-1/2
• “The Pacific postings were relatively posh and the patients generally uncomplicated to care for. All that changed with the attacks on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7 and on the Philippines Dec. 8” S-1/2

Wilson, Capt. Barbara A. “Women in World War II.” 2006. 20 April 2006.
http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets5.html

• “Congresswoman Rogers introduced a bill on May 28 th, 1941, to establish a Women's Army Auxiliary Corps for service with the Army of the United States. By virtue of its being an auxiliary corps there was no hint of full military status for women.” S-top
• On May 14th 1942 the bill to "Establish a Women's Army Auxiliary Corps" became law and Oveta Culp Hobby, wife of the former governor of Texas, was named director. S-top
• WAVES - Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service S-top
•  S-1/2
• Nurses received 1,619 medals, citations, and commendations during the war S-1/2

 

 

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