Chmielewski, Jadwiga. Personal Interview. 20 April 2006.

• Nobody was ever killed at the camp.  People only died of disease and starvation.  The camp’s purpose was not to kill.  The purpose was to use people from countries that Nazi’s captured to replace all the people that left work in factories in order to serve the military. P-1/3  
• People at the camp had a pass that allowed them to go to the nearby city of Augsburg.  In Augsburg they went to the farmers in order to get food.  They used the few marks they were paid in the camp to pay for the food.  The farmers called them auslanderlagers, the German word for foreigners.  If they didn’t have enough money to buy food, the farmers would sometimes chase them away. P-2/3
• “Bombings occurred at our camp.  They never bombed our camp.  They always went after the plane factory in the camp nearby.  I don’t remember how often they happened, but they never scared me because I knew that more bombings meant the war would end soon.” P-3/3

Holocaust Encyclopedia. 10 January 2006. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20 April 2006 http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005215.

• Drancy started out as an internment camp but then became a transit camp.  A transit camp holds people until they are to be deported into an extermination camp. S-top
• From June 22, 1942 until July 31, 1944, 64,579 Jews were deported from Drancy and into extermination camps.  Only 64 transports were required to transfer this many Jews. S-bottom
• The Drancy camp was made up of mostly French citizens and Jews who had emigrated to France from different countries. S-bottom
• S-Bottom

Holocaust Encyclopedia. 10 January 2006. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20 April 2006 http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007183.

• POW camps were pretty much made up of Soviet POW’s.  The Soviet POW’s were the first ones to be starved greatly.  Nazi hierarchy said only feed them 2,200 calories a day.  The hierarchy’s demands however were never met, and usually POW’s were fed around 700 calories a day.  Many of them died of starvation and even as they were living they tried to live by eating grass and leaves. S-top
• Soviet POW’s were not given shelter.  Soviet POW’s would try to keep shelter by digging holes in the ground.  Typhoid and dysentery were very common in the POW camps at the end of 1941.  Conditions in POW camps were so bad that in October 1941 approximately 5,000 people died every day. S-top
•  S-top
• Soviet POW’s were never killed in POW camps.  Instead they were sent to secure locations such as concentration camps.  They were often shot or burned alive.  In Gross-Rosen, Soviet POW’s were killed by feeding them a thin soup of grass, water, and salt for six months.  In Auschwitz, the Nazi’s experimented with gassing the Soviet POW’s.  The Nazi’s discovered the use of Zyklon B gas to kill the Soviet POW’s.  By experimenting with Zyklon B on Soviets, the Nazi’s discovered the way in which they would kill millions of Jews. S-bottom

The Holocaust\Shoah Page. Ben S. Austin. 20 April 2006  http://www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holocamp.html.

• The idea of extermination camps came from the Wannsee Conference that was held in Berlin on January 20, 1942.  In that conference it was said that the Nazi’s needed a final solution to the annihilation of the Jews.  They decided to then began a plan called the “Final Solution” which was basically the construction of extermination camps and the beginning of killing Jews by gas.  In the extermination camps over half of the 6,000,000 Jews that died in the Holocaust were killed.  Extermination camps were different from concentration camps in their purpose.  Concentration camps held political prisoners and people were killed there by starvation and exhaustion.  Extermination camps were made for the sole purpose of killing.  People here were killed by gassing.  S-top
• Aushwitz-Birkenau is the most notoriously known extermination camp.  At the gate of Auschwitz was the German phrase "Arbeit Macht Frei", work will make you free.  The phrase held not one ounce of truth.  Death was the only escape from the camp.  There were really three camps at Aushwitz.  Aushwitz-Birkenau is the second camp and is also notated as Aushwitz II.  Aushwitz I was for the officers and had a gas chamber, gallows, and a crematorium.  Aushwitz III had a rubber and plastic factory. S-1/2 
• When one entered Aushwitz II he or she was separated into one of 3 groups.  One of the groups consisted of people deemed unworthy to work, mostly women and children, and were sent to the gas chamber.  The second group was made of people deemed worthy to work and were sent to work to work in the factories.   The third group was made up of dwarves and twins who were sent to have medical experiments done to them.  S-3/4 
•   S-Bottom

Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. “Concentration Camps.”  20 April 2006 http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:qVfQo9ohDRYJ:yad-vashem.org.il/odot_pdf/Microsoft%2520Word%2520-%25205925.pdf+types+ of+nazi+ camps&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=7&ie=UTF-8.

• During WWII the Nazi’s did not just have concentration camps.  Concentration camps were only one category of the camps.  The other categories were transit camps, labor camps, POW camps, and extermination camps. P-1/3
• The concentration camps can be separated into 3 different periods.  The first phase of the concentration camps was from 1933-1936.  In this phase the camps were lead by Heinrech Himmler.  During this phase only political opposition to the Nazi’s were held in the camps.  The second phase occurred from 1936-1942.  During this time all the original camps from the first phase were shutdown, except for Dachau, and were made into much larger camps.  In the summer of 1938, Jews were being placed in concentration camps.  In 1939 only 25,000 Jews were in the camps but by 1941 60,000 Jews were being held.  The third phase then went from 1942-1945.  In this phase prisoners were put into forced labor of building military weapons.  Subcamps were built at this point, where prisoners were to work in factories. P-1/3, 2/3
• During the first phase of the camps people were usually held for about a year.  In the second phase many people died from harsh treatment and in the final phase, less people were killed because the Nazi’s needed people to build weapons.  In the camps people were forced to work and if a person did not work then that person would be very harshly punished.  There were leadership positions given to prisoners.  Most were given to German prisoners, since they were most favored.  Jews and Soviets were not liked at all and never got to hold any positions of prisoner leadership. P-3/3

Students Annotated Bibliographies Index Page