Meghan Walters
Meghan Walters
Mr. Thomas
Period 5 U.S History
21 April 2006
Annotated Bibliography
Cressman, Robert J. “The Official Chronology of the U.S Navy in World War II.” Contemporary History Branch, 1999. 18 April 2006 <http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/USN-Chron.html>.
- The U.S. Navy in September 1939 is, for the most part, concentrated on the west coast of the United States, reflecting the nation's traditional interest in the Far East and its isolationist leanings away from Europe.
- Navy charters barkentine Bear of Oakland for operations in the U.S. Antarctic Service and commissions her as auxiliary Bear (AG-29). The U.S. Navy originally acquires Bear, built in Scotland for the sealing trade, to rescue the survivors of the ill-fated Greeley Arctic Expedition in 1884. The Navy transfers the ship to the U.S. Treasury Department in 1885 for deployment in the Revenue Cutter Service (later U.S. Coast Guard). In 1929, the Coast Guard transfers her to private ownership. Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, USN (Ret.) acquires Bear in 1932 for use in Antarctic exploration.(The expedition will be under the command of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, USN (Ret.) (Byrd is appointed commanding officer of the expedition on 13 July 1939). Civilian sources provide scientific staff and dog drivers; sailors, marines and soldiers perform the supporting aviation, radio, photography, commissary, carpentry, and mechanical duties, as well as operate tractors and light tanks and the Armour Institute of Technology's Snow Cruiser, the unique vehicle developed for polar exploration.
- President Roosevelt asks for repeal of arms embargo provision of Neutrality Act of 1937
“World War II Navy Art: A Vision of History.” NHC, June 2001. 18 April 2006 <http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/wwii/history/history1.htm>.
- As darkness closes in at Iwo, the tragic section of beach below Suribachi becomes unearthly and ghostlike in the fading light. The beach is deserted except for the wrecks, which litter its entire length, rusted and partially buried in the sand.
- Torn and seared she seemed a part of the rugged upheaved terrain -- and the handy rice workers would gaze out over her -- perhaps toward distant Hiroshima. Then they would turn again to their task, night soil had to be spread, the crops reaped.
- The process of winning the ground from the enemy so that a great base for future operations might be built, developing it as a harbor, constructing the base facilities, and using it as a base, all had to go on simultaneously at Guam. Bottlenecked, as always, was cargo handling in a very limited docking area. The rains came and went many times a day. Traffic sank into the muck, units dropped out to be hauled out later. Huge cats pulling loads of coral kept the causeways going. And the air hung with moisture and sweat.
- Two PT's prowled inside the breakwater entrance of Manila Harbor on February 23, 1945, first U.S. Naval vessels to enter in three years. Treading the mine strewn waters of Manila Bay, PT's 358 and 374 probed into the shoal harbor waters where countless enemy vessels sat on the bottom in mute testament of the severity of the fast carrier strikes of the fall of 1944. Manila smoked and exploded from the final fighting in Intramuros and the dock area.
“US Navy and Marine Corps Casualty Statistics for World War II.” Naval Historical Center, July 2000. 20 April 2006 < http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq11-1.htm>.
- The Bureau of Naval Personnel's official list of the Navy's World War II casualties resulting from enemy action is a 1947 IBM printout arranged chronologically by the campaigns as listed in the Secretary of the Navy's Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual. Under each campaign, the ships and units are listed alphabetically and then, the personnel casualties are listed alphabetically by last name. The man's service number, rank/rate, casualty code (wounded or killed), and date of casualty are included.
- This history lists the Navy and Marine Corps personnel who were killed in action with the enemy, died of wounds, and died as a prisoner of war, as well as those who were discharged from the service because of their wounds (invalided from service.) The history provides statistics by officer and enlisted, but for the purpose of this summary, these numbers are totaled for each service.
Total, all actions
Navy 34607 972 909 4647
Marine 17376 1682 510 10063
Total 51983 2654 1419 14710
Wikipedia. “United States Navy.” Wikimedia Foundation, 2000. 20 April 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy>.
- The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations around the globe. For almost the entire existence of the United States, the U.S. Navy has protected American interests and supported American policies through the use of sea power. Its stated mission is "to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas."[1] The U.S. Navy currently numbers nearly half a million men and women on active or ready reserve duty and consists of 281 ships and over 4,000 operational aircraft.
- The U.S. Navy came into international prominence in the 20th century, especially during World War II. The navy was a part of the conflict from the very beginning of American involvement to the very end of the war, and proved to be a vital element in the success of the Allies.
- Flag of the United States Navy
- Organization of Navy power
“United States Navy and World War II.” Naval History, 2000. 20 April, 2006
<http://www.naval-history.net/WW2USN0Intro.htm>.
- The world when America entered the war in December 1941 was mainly shaped by German aggression and Allied reaction, first British and then Russian in the more than two years leading to Pearl Harbor. All Europe and much of Russia and North Africa were occupied, and the Middle East threatened. In the Far East, Japan as one of three Axis powers with Germany and Italy and aware of Britain's weakness, was taking an increasingly threatening stance.
- The war at sea was already worldwide - fought with great savagery in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and with German raiders lose in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Since 1939, maritime power had changed - on one hand by the exercise of German and to a lesser extent Italian naval power, and on the other and in response, by the rapid development of Royal Navy operations, tactics, technology and weapons. All this experience, made freely available by a grateful Winston Churchill influenced US Navy operations especially in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Meanwhile lack of Royal Navy strength in the Indian Ocean and South East Asia helped account for Japan's formidable successes and the terrible losses suffered by the Allies and the United States.
- Politically and historically, it is as important for U.S. readers to share in the exploits of the Royal Navy in World War 2, as it is for British readers to share in those of the United States Navy. Both people's might then recognise that the two maritime powers, one then old and soon to decline and other young and taking over from Britain as the world's largest Navy, both fought bravely and successfully as the English-speaking Allies.