1. Bellis, Mary. “History of the Depth Charge.” About. 2006. About, Inc. 17 April 2006             http://inventors.about.com/od/dstartinventions/ss/Depth_Charge.htm.

• “HMS Tempest dropping a depth charge”

       
2. Carnes, Mark C., and John A. Garraty. The American Nation: A History of the United States. 11th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

• “On December 8 Congress declared war on Japan.”
• Soon after Pearl Harbor, “U-boats were taking a heavy toll in the North Atlantic.”
• “Wartime employment needs” and “the labor shortage brought employment for all;” African Americans and Mexican Americans alike.
• By “1945, more then 19 million women were employed, many of them in well-paying industrial jobs.”
• “Families by the tens and hundreds of thousands pulled up stakes and moved to the centers of war production.” “Housing was always in short supply in the areas, and when the men went off to the familiar surroundings of yard and factory, their wives had to cope with cramped quarters, ration books, the absence of friends and relatives…”
• They raised “‘victory gardens’” and used public transportation when there was a gas shortage.

3. “CHAPTER V: Storage and Distribution of Medical Supplies.” The Office of Medical History. OTSG/MEDCOM Historical Program. 24 April 2006.
http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/medicalsupply/ch05fig32.jpg

          
4. Gilliam, George H. “Virginia’s Coastal Defense.” The Ground Beneath Our Feet Virginia Fights: World War Two. 2001. University of Virginia. 19 April 2006. http://www.vahistory.org/WWII/exhibitions/index.php
·    Virginia experienced German U-boats threatening their coastline.  There were watchtowers to help people spot U-boats.
·    Blackouts were used for two purposes: to protect the civilians from attack by German aircrafts and to prevent the German U-boats from finding the shore and being able to attack merchant ships.
5. Liberty Ships Built During World War II Listed by Shipyard. 2003. U.S. Maritime Service Veterans. 20 April 2006. http://www.usmm.net/libyards.html

• Liberty Ships were constructed in shipyards all across the Atlantic coast, including states such as, Georgia, South Carolina, Florida, Maine, and Maryland
• In Brunswick, GA was the J. A. Jones Construction Company.
• Nearly 3000 Liberty ships were constructed in America.

6. Martin, Norma Jean. Personal Interview. 17 April 2006.

• “There was a major commercial ship lane off the coast that tankers and merchant-supply ships traveled.  German submarines were very active and sank a lot of ships.  The Glynco Naval Air Station built a blimp base near Brunswick.  The blimps would spot submarines in the water.  They let off powerful depth charges to sink the submarines.” 
• “We had ration coupons on meat, canned food, sugar, gasoline, and tires.”
• “Because we lived on the coast, all the headlights on the cars had black paint on the top half so they weren’t visible from the air or shore; And we didn’t have street lights either.  And then we had air raid drills to practice for an attack.  We had to have windows covered and no lights on.  Every few blocks we had air raid wardens that were the only people allowed to be outside, and they made sure all the lights were out.”
• After the war ended, the shipyard in Brunswick closed and people were laid off, her parents were no longer able to make the kind of money they did by working at the shipyard.

7. Martin, Norma Jean. “The War Years.” A Life Remembered: An Informal Biography of Norma Jean Strickland (Staley) Martin. 2003.

• Overpopulation happened on the coast due to the creation of shipyards and the shift of jobs.
• Part of the garbage dump and a wooded area were cleared to make room for public housing.
• “The population of Brunswick before the war was 14,000 and by January 1942 it had grown to 50,000.  The shipyard employed 16,000 people.  There were people and cars everywhere and there were not enough places for people to live.”
• J.A. Jones Shipyard was in Brunswick, GA.
• “There were a number of uninhabited barrier islands off the coast of Georgia where submarines could hide and be refueled and resupplied.  Our government could never find out who was fueling and supplying the German submarines.”
• Blimps were used to find submarines and sink them with depth charges.
• Liberty ships “were medium sized supply ships” that “were not heavily armed.”
• Car headlights had black paint covering the top half to prevent enemy aircrafts from spotting them. 
• Air raid drills and blackouts were done as practice in case of an air attack; All lights had to be off and everyone had to be inside; Air raid wardens moderated the drills.     

8. “Ration Books, Victory Gardens, and Junk Rallys.” Mr.Donn.org. 2006. 20 April 2006.
http://homefront.mrdonn.org/rationing.html

• Gas, oil, rubber, metal, meat, sugar, and coffee were rationed.
• Rationing helped to equally distribute food so that everyone had some
• People used ration books with stamps, that were distributed by the government, to collect their food. 
• “People were encouraged by the government to plant Victory Gardens and grow their own vegetables to supplement the foods they could buy with their ration stamps.”
• Junk Rallies took place to collect scrap metal and rubber for the war.

9. Tankers Built in the U.S. during World War II. 2003. U.S. Maritime Service Veterans. 20 April 2006. http://www.usmm.org/tankers.html
·    “Immediately after Pearl Harbor, when the U.S. declared war on Germany and Japan, the U-Boats arrived on our Atlantic Seaboard. They concentrated on the tanker fleet, knowing how essential fuel was to the war effort.”
·    “Americans faced rationing of gasoline for their cars and heating oil for their homes, to spare fuel for the war.”
10. Vandiver, Frank E. 1001 Things Everyone Should Know About World War II. New            York: Broadway Books, 2002.

• “After America’s entry into the war, U-boats… often roamed the surface along the U.S. East Coast at night and easily picked off ships silhouetted against city lights.”
• “Sinkings increased, too, when U-boat captains noticed the U.S. Navy tendency the drop convoys off too soon, leaving them once they were near the American coastline.”
• In addition, “U-boats began trolling waters close to major harbors and river mouths…”

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