Ben Deitch
Ben Deitch
Mr. Thomas
US HistoryX, Period 7
21 April 2006
Annotated Bibliography
Carnes, Mark C., and John A. Garraty. The American Nation a History of the United States. 11th ed. New York: Longman, 2002. 742-743.
- “The Japanese are an enemy race.” General John L. Dewitt
- “The very fact that no sabotage has taken place to date is a disturbing and confirming indication that such action will be taken.” General John L. Dewitt
- Most Japanese citizens felt like Americans not like Japanese Citizens.
"Japanese American Internment." Asian American Media. 2002. National Asian American Telecommunications Association. 20 Apr. 2006 <http://www.asianamericanmedia.org/jainternment/>.
- “With the signing of Executive Order 9066, over 110,000 Japanese Americans were forced into exile in their own country, deprived of basic civil liberties.”
- “Many families lived in horse stalls under unsanitary conditions, often by open sewers. Others occupied hastily constructed barracks. Toilet and bathing facilities were communal and devoid of privacy.”
- The Japanese in camps were guarded by barbed wire and guards in guard towers.
- Nutrition was more than meager as was health care.
- The Japanese in camps were told they were not prisoners, but they were lied to.
- Questionnaire of loyalty-caused segregation
Yu, John C. "Race, Racism, and the Law." 14 Apr. 2006. Dayton University. 20 Apr. 2006 http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm .
- May 13, 1942
Ichiro Shimoda shot and killed for trying to escape from Fort Sill - March 21, 1942
Manzanar, the first American concentration camp, opened.
Graebner, William, and Leonard Richards. The American Record. 4th ed. Boston: McGrawHill, 2001. 237-252.
- Nicknames=Yellow Men, Nips, Vermin, Mad dogs
"Children of the Camps: the Documentary." PBS Online. 1999. Satsuki Ina. 20 Apr. 2006 http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/ .
- President Roosevelt himself called the 10 facilities "concentration camps."
- Some attendees at the internment camps died because of the poor facilities.
- "Long-term health consequences included psychological anguish as well as increased cardiovascular disease. Survey information found former internees had a 2.1 greater risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and premature death than did a non-interned counterpart."
"The Experience of Injustice: Health Consequences of the Japanese American Internment", Gwendolyn M. Jensen
"Japanese American Internment." Wikipedia. 25 Apr. 2006. 25 Apr. 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_internment .
- “President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which had been pushed through Congress by Representative Norman Mineta and Senator Alan K. Simpson — the two had met while Mineta was interned at a camp in Wyoming — which provided redress of $20,000 for each surviving detainee, totaling $1.2 billion dollars.”
- “On September 27, 1992, the Amendment of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, appropriating an additional $400 million in order to ensure that all remaining internees received their $20,000 redress payments, was signed into law by President George H. W. Bush, who also issued another formal apology from the U.S. government.”
- “A key supporter of the internment was California Attorney General Earl Warren. In later years, Warren viewed his early stance on the internment as one of his greatest mistakes. He wrote in his autobiography:
‘I have since deeply regretted the removal order and my own testimony advocating it, because it was not in keeping with our American concept of freedom and the rights of citizens. Whenever I thought of the innocent little children who were torn from home, school friends and congenial surroundings, I was conscience-stricken.’”
Webb, Roy. "Japanese-Americans Internment Camps." Utah University. 25 Apr. 2006 http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/photo/9066/9066.htm .
- Tule and Topaz
"The Internment of Japanese Americans." World War II Multimedia Database. 2005. 26 Apr. 2006 http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/intern.htm .
- Time Magazine published an article on how to tell the difference between Japanese and Chinese people.
- Japanese people were not allowed to enlist, and many stores under Japanese management were unofficially boycotted.
"RELOCATION of Japanese Americans." The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. San Francisco Museum. 26 Apr. 2006 http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/relocbook.html .
- $200,000,000 worth of property lost
- “centers in tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind. Most of these barracks are partitioned off so that a family of five or six, for example, will normally occupy a single room 25 by 20 feet.”
- 48 cents per person per day for food
- March 18, 1942----War Relocation Authority
"EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 9066." College of Behavioural and Social Sciences. 19 Feb. 1942. San Francisco St. U. 26 Apr. 2006 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/internment/executiorder9066.html>.
- “The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded therefrom.”
Fowler, Ronald R. Personal interview. 30 Apr. 2006.
- Didn’t know till after highschool
- Had friends who would “shoot em if he saw em” (Japanese People)