Andrea Gnezda
Browning, Christopher R. “Genocide in Yugoslavia during the Holocaust.” United States Holocaust Museum. 25 April 2006. <http://www.balkan-archive.org.yu/kosta/Geopolitics/Risto.Mostarski/Genocide_in_YU.text>
- “Yugoslavia, the union of the South Slavs.”
- “Was first formed at the end of World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Turk empires that had dominated the Balkan region collapsed in defeat.”
- “Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro contained primarily Orthodox Christian populations that formerly had been within the Turkish sphere, but also significant Albanian Muslim, Hungarian, and German minorities.”
- “Slovenia and Croatia contained mostly Catholic populations and had been part of the Austrian empire.”
- “In the inter-war period the newly-formed multi-ethnic state of Yugoslavia experienced much internal conflict between the nationalities.”
- “Nazi Germany invaded and conquered Yugoslavia in April 1941.”
- “But the murder of Jews and Roma was only one aspect of ethnic cleansing and genocide in war-torn Yugoslavia.”
- “Germans expelled many Slovenes, as they tried to "Germanize" the territory of northern Slovenia annexed to the Third Reich.”
- “Many other Yugoslavs perished as prisoners in German concentration camps such as those at Sajmiste and Banjica.”
- “Italy interned under terrible conditions many Slovenes as well.”
Braakhuis, Wilfried. “Axis Offensive 1941.” 25 April 2006. <http://www.euronet.nl/users/wilfried/ww2/1941.htm>
- 6 April 1941,
- “"Operation Marita" the Balkan States campaign: Germany invades Yugoslavia (till 17 April) and Greece (till 30 April).”
“Italian troops to from Albania.
Molotov Cocktail: A simple petrol bomb reputedly used by partisans against German forces in Russia and the Balkans, named after Vyacheslav Molotov.”
“German troops making their way through Yugoslavia after the German invasion.”
“Family Life.” 28 April 2006. < http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/yugoslavia/family.html>
- “Yugoslav families have changed significantly since 1945, though traditional ways remain.”
- “Until recently, most Yugoslavs were peasants living in large, extended-family households overseen by an elder male. The zadruga, a kin group of several families related patrilineally, owned and farmed land in common.”
- “This practice ensured that many people were available to share the workload and thus allowed for more leisure time, during which men might engage in politics while women would create crafts.”
- “Communism changed the traditional gender roles in Yugoslav society. Women, who traditionally had subservient status, obtained equal political and civil rights. Many women now work outside the home in all areas of the economy, though they are still expected to maintain the household.”
“German Occupation WW2: Yugoslavia.” 25 April 2006. <http://www.germannotes.com/faq_occupied_yugoslavia_ww2.shtml>
- Two days after Yugoslavia joined the Axis (Germany, Japan and Italy) in 1941 the government was overthrown.
- Subsequently troops from Germany and Italy moved into the country and occupied it. Serbia was controlled by German military administration.
- Initially in 1941 the new banknotes of the Srpska Narodna Banka (National bank of Serbia) were issued as overprints of banknotes from 1929.
- Later proper new series were issued. The currency in Serbia was called Dinar.
“Office of Strategic Services.” Wikipedia. 28 April 2006. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services>
- “The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime (but not direct) precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency.”
- “The Office of Strategic Services was established in June 1942 to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies.”
- “During the War, the OSS supplied policy makers with facts and estimates, but the OSS never had jurisdiction over all foreign intelligence activities—the FBI was responsible for intelligence work in Latin America, and the military jealously guarded their areas of responsibility.”
- “The OSS helped arm, train and supply anti-Japanese and anti-German groups in the Second World War”
- “The OSS also recruited and ran one of the war's most important spies, the German diplomat Fritz Kolbe.”
- “Soviet sympathizers and even spies worked in OSS offices in Washington and the field. Some were hired precisely because they were Communists”
- Others who were not Communists
“World War II and its Effects.” History of Serbia. 25 April 2006. < http://www.serbia-info.com/enc/history/worldwar.html>
- “At the beginning of the 40's, Yugoslavia found itself surrounded by hostile countries.”
- “Except for Greece, all other neighboring countries had signed agreements with either Germany or Italy.”
- “Hitler was strongly pressuring Yugoslavia to join the Axis powers. The government was even prepared to reach a compromise with him, but the spirit in the country was completely different.”
- “Public demonstrations against Nazism prompted a brutal reaction. Luftwaffe bombed Belgrade and other major cities and in April 1941, the Axis powers occupied Yugoslavia and disintegrated it.”
- “The western parts of the country together with Bosnia and Herzegovina were turned into a Nazi puppet state called the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and ruled by the Ustashe.”
- “Slovenia was divided between Germany and Italy that also seized the islands in the Adriatic.”
- “The Serbs stood up against the Croatian genocidal government and the Nazi disintegration of Yugoslavia.”
Ziemke, Earl F. “World War II.” 25 April 2006. <http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/WWII.html>
- The operations against Greece and Yugoslavia began on April 6, 1941.
- The Germans' primary difficulty with the attack on Yugoslavia was in pulling together an army of nine divisions from Germany and France in less than ten days.
- They had to limit themselves for several days to air raids and border skirmishing.
- “On April 10 they opened drives on Belgrade from the northwest, north, and southeast.”
- “The city fell on April 13, and the Yugoslav army surrendered the next day.”
- “Yugoslavia, however, was easier to take than it would be to hold. Guerrillas—Cetniks under Dra"a Mihajloviç and partisans under Josip Broz (Tito)—fought throughout the war.”